距离笔记(1)已经有快3个月了终于有时间填坑了,介绍一下复句/合句的结构,也就是如何把两个简单句写到一起。
复句Complex Sentence 有从句+主句的结构,从句是把一个句子改造成名词、形容词、副词类,放到主句中。
合句Compound Sentence 就是两个平等、对称的简单句,中间and, but, or连接。
名词从句
特点
- 前面加that,从句完整
- 放在主句名词位置(主语、宾语、补语、同位语)充当名词
主语位置
- Something is strange.
- That he didn’t show up on time is strange.
- It is strange that he didn’t show up on time.
- 主语很长的时候,一般用It虚词
- 不能省that
宾语位置
- The defendant said that he didn’t do it.
- 能省that,还要看省略后意思是不是清楚
- 介词短语里做宾语
- This is decided by whether the tumor is malignant or not.
- 介词后面不能用连接词,可以用whether(which代名词 + either)
补语位置(补语就是和主语同等)
- The important thing is that we’re all right.
- 能省that
同位语位置
- 实际上是形容词从句简化
- The stroy that he once killed a man might just be true.
- I am afraid that I can’t help you. 其实是I am afraid the thing that I can’t help you的省略
疑问句改装
- I know who you are. 改成非疑问句
- Babylon is what is now Baghdad. 名词性,不能用where
- I can’t tell whether/if he’s telling the truth or not.
- 注意,做主语只能用whether
副词从句
特点
- 从句完整
- 修饰主句中的动词,表逻辑关系。
- 比较简单,只需关注从属连接词的意义
从属连接词
- 原因、结果
- because: because he needs the money, he works hard.
- now that: There’s nothing to worry about, now that father is back.
- so <adj.> that: He looked so sincere that no one doubted his story. 表示结果,形容词导致的结果。
- so that: The mother locked the door from the outside, so that the kids couldn’t get out when they saw fire.
- 目的
- so that: The mother locked the door so that the kids wouldn’t swallow any by mistake.
- in order that:
- lest: I’ve underlined the key points, lest you miss them. 以免(反向的目的)
- in case: You’d better bring more money, in case you should need it. 万一
- 让步
- though: The witness said this, though he didn’t really see it.
- although
- while
- Wh-系列,不论
- Whether= no matter
- Whoever= no matter who
- However= no matter how
- Whichever
- Wherever
- Whenever
- 限制
- As far as: As far as money is concerned, you needn’t worry. 在xx方面
- in that: == in the sense that 某种意义来说 Picasso was a revolutionary in that he broke all traditions.意义加限制,不是真的革命
- 方法、状态
- as: He played the piano as Horowitz would have. 如何弹,像xxx
- as if: He writes as if he is left handed.
- 条件
- if: If he calls, I’ll say you’re sleeping
- as long as: He won’t have it his way, as long as I’m here. 前面是一个祈使句,让这件事情按他的方式发生
- suppose: Suppose you were ill, where would you go?
- 时间、地点
- after
- until
- when
- where